Quadcopters | PWM interface to a PIC 12F629 Microcontroller


S.BUS Protocol

In this webpage we explain how we connected an X4R to an Arduino and a processing.org sketch as part of PoC to intereface our 360 degree IR proximity sensor to an UAV, Drone, Quadcopter. 
 

S.BUS and PWM configuration on Flgiht controllers

You can configure the CC3D, Naze32 and other flight controller to read the 16 channel S.BUS protocol from the FrSKy XR4 and a the same time also leaving 2 PWM channels (CH9&CH10) available for direct servo connection (you just need to bridge the channel 2&3 - signal pins before binding with the Taranis radio).

Using the CC3D  flight controller in our project we didn't have a Buzzer output on the controller so  we was thinking how we could get the buzzer to be controlled from the CH9 and 10 on the X4R, but also leaving some other control available. We played around with a PIC12F629 to see if we could get some additional  programmable logic by reading both the PWM channels 9&10 with some logic . 

 We could have done this directly with the Arduino reading the S.BUS, but for fun we wanted to see what we could do with a very small microcontroller. 

Example of how we programmed the PIC 12F629

 Switch Position Channel 9 Switch Position Channel 10
 Functionality
 1 1 Buzzer Off
 1 2 Buzzer Pulse on / offf every 2 seconds
 1 2 Buzzer Continuous
 2 1 LED off
 2 2 LED Pulse on / offf every 2 seconds
 2 3 LED Continuous On
 3 1 Servo Left Position.
We mapped Ch10 to a 3-way  switch. but  if ch10 were mapped to the slider on the Taranis,  then this servo position could still actually be proportional to the position of the slider
 3 2 Servo Mid Position
 3 3 Servo right position

We saw that by combining the logic of both channel 9 & 19 we could still run 1 serovs proportionally ; as though it was directly connected to the XR4 - but we also got  additional "virtual channels"  by reading the channel 9 switch position. We mapped this to a 3-way  switch. but  if channel 10 were mapped to the slider on the Taranis,  then this could be proportional to the position of the slider. Using the offset on the Taranis and mapping another slider and switch to Ch9 we were actually able to get 2 servos working with reduced travel.


PIC12F629

I'm using the PROTON IDE and BASIC compiler from Crownhill Associates Ltd. 

This PIC is very small and the SMD version is even much smaller. The main driver for using this chip is that it doesn't require any further components to drive it, so it could fit within the shrink sleeve of the cable connected to the X4R. If we ever make one we'll publish it here.
 

FrSky X4R PWM channel connected to a PIC12F629

PIC Code in BASIC

;****************************************************************************
 ; Test of  use of LED as Light Sensor within a Complementary LED display  
 ;****************************************************************************

Device = 12F629
Optimiser_Level = 3 ' Set for maximum optimiser level
        Xtal = 4
 
    Config   CP_OFF ,CPD_OFF ,BODEN_OFF ,MCLRE_OFF ,WDT_OFF ,PWRTE_ON ,INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOUT  

        Declare Serial_Baud = 9600
Declare Rsout_Pin = GPIO.0
Declare Rsin_Pin = GPIO.1
Declare Rsout_Mode = TRUE
Declare Rsout_Pace = 10000
 ;****************************************************************************
 ;Comments
 ;****************************************************************************
'Bit column         ;543210  ; TRIS configuration
;LED0TRIS= %001111
;LED1TRIS= %001111
;LED2TRIS= %101011
;LED3TRIS= %101011
;LED4TRIS= %011011
;LED5TRIS= %011011
;LED6TRIS= %111001
;LED7TRIS= %111001
;LED8TRIS= %011101
;LED9TRIS= %011101
'LED10TRIS= %101101
'LED11TRIS= %101101

'Bit column         ;543210
'LED0ON= %010000  ; Port GPIO configuration
'LED1ON= %100000
'LED2ON= %010000
'LED3ON= %000100
'LED4ON= %100000
'LED5ON= %000100
'LED6ON= %000100
'LED7ON= %000010
'LED8ON= %100000
'LED9ON= %000010
'LED10ON= %010000
'LED11ON= %000010

 '-------[MAIN PROGRAM LOOP STARTS HERE]----------------------------------
Dim INDEX As Byte   

Dim PULSE_LENGTH As Word   ' TOF (Time Of Flight) value 
Dim SWAP_OCCURED As Bit 
Dim SWAPTMP As Word
Dim MEDIAN As Word
Dim CALIBRATION_TIMER As Byte
Dim CALIBRATION_CHECK As Byte  

Dim ServoPos1 As Byte

OPTION_REG.7  =0 ;enable pull-up setting

CMCON = 7 ' PORTA to digital
TRISIO =  %111101
 ServoPos1  = 0
INDEX = 250
;****************************************************************************
'[MAIN PROGRAM LOOP STARTS HERE]
;****************************************************************************
      
While 1 = 1 ' Create an infinite loop

                                                          x                  xx


ServoPos1 = PulseIn GPIO.1,0
RSOut " SERVO PWM = " , Dec ServoPos1,13    ;Print results of input to the serial monitor

;GoSub SCAN_COLUMNS 
If ServoPos1 > 110 And ServoPos1 < 135 Then    ;Mid Swtich  Position
     GoSub Led4
     GPIO.5 = 0 ; turn off Buzzer
     DelayMS 500
     GPIO.5 = 1 ; turn on Buzzer
     DelayMS 1000
     GPIO.5 = 0 ; turn off Buzzer
     DelayMS 500
EndIf            
     
If ServoPos1 >135  Then                ;Top Switch Position
     GoSub Led4
     TRISIO =%000001
     GPIO.5 = 0 ; turn off Buzzer
     
Else 
      GoSub Led2
      DelayMS 100
      GPIO.5 = 1 ; turn on Buzzer
EndIf

ServoPos1 = 0
  
 

  
Wend




;****************************************************************************
 ROW1_SHOW:
;****************************************************************************
            
  For INDEX=10 To 5 Step -1 
        GoSub Led3
          DelayMS INDEX ' Delay between samples
          GoSub Led7
        DelayMS INDEX
          GoSub Led11
        DelayMS INDEX
          GoSub Led10
        DelayMS INDEX
        GoSub Led6
        DelayMS INDEX
          GoSub Led2
        DelayMS INDEX 
        GoSub Led11
  Next INDEX
       
Return


;****************************************************************************
;LED0 - D0
;****************************************************************************
Led0:
TRISIO =%001111
    GPIO = %010000
Return
;****************************************************************************
;LED1 - D1
;****************************************************************************
Led1:
   
    TRISIO =%001111
    GPIO = %100000
Return

;****************************************************************************
;LED2 - D2
;****************************************************************************
Led2:
TRISIO =  %101011
GPIO = %010000
Return
;****************************************************************************
;LED3 - D3
;****************************************************************************
Led3:
TRISIO =  %101011
GPIO = %000100
Return
;****************************************************************************
;LED4 - D4
;****************************************************************************
Led4:
TRISIO =  %011011
GPIO = %100000
Return

;****************************************************************************
;LED5 - D5
;****************************************************************************
Led5:
TRISIO =  %011011
GPIO = %000100
Return

;****************************************************************************
;LED6 - D6
;****************************************************************************
Led6:
TRISIO =  %111001
GPIO = %000100
Return

;****************************************************************************
;LED7 - D7
;****************************************************************************
Led7:
TRISIO =  %111001
GPIO = %000010
Return


;****************************************************************************
;LED8 - D8
;****************************************************************************
Led8:
TRISIO =  %011101
GPIO = %100000
Return
;****************************************************************************
;LED9 - D9
;****************************************************************************
Led9:
TRISIO =  %011101
GPIO = %000010
Return
;****************************************************************************
;LED10 - D10
;****************************************************************************
Led10:
TRISIO =  %101101
GPIO = %010000
Return
;****************************************************************************
;LED11 - D11
;****************************************************************************
Led11:
TRISIO =  %101101
GPIO = %000010
Return







  
  
;****************************************************************************
 ;sub routine to scan LEDs
;****************************************************************************
  
;**************************************************************************** 
  SCAN_COLUMNS:
;****************************************************************************  
  For INDEX=10 To 5 Step -1 
        
        GoSub Led0
        DelayMS INDEX
          GoSub Led1
        DelayMS INDEX
          GoSub Led2
          DelayMS INDEX
        GoSub Led3
        DelayMS INDEX
        GoSub Led4
        DelayMS INDEX
        GoSub Led5
        DelayMS INDEX
        GoSub Led6
        DelayMS INDEX
        GoSub Led7
        DelayMS INDEX  
        GoSub Led8
          DelayMS INDEX ' Delay between samples
          GoSub Led9
        DelayMS INDEX
          GoSub Led10
        DelayMS INDEX
          GoSub Led11
        DelayMS INDEX
  Next INDEX
  
Return  
;****************************************************************************
SCAN_ROWS: 
;****************************************************************************
   For INDEX=10 To 5 Step -1 
     
        GoSub Led0
        DelayMS INDEX
          GoSub Led4
        DelayMS INDEX
          GoSub Led8
          DelayMS INDEX
        GoSub Led1
        DelayMS INDEX
        GoSub Led5
        DelayMS INDEX
        GoSub Led9
        DelayMS INDEX
        GoSub Led2
        DelayMS INDEX
        GoSub Led6
        DelayMS INDEX  
        GoSub Led10
          DelayMS INDEX ' Delay between samples
          GoSub Led3
        DelayMS INDEX
          GoSub Led7
        DelayMS INDEX
          GoSub Led11
        DelayMS INDEX
  
  Next INDEX
  Return 

http://www.protonbasic.co.uk/content.php/935-Proton-IDE#proginteg
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